Abstract

How does Morocco reconcile its development ambitions with the protection of its fragile environment? This article offers a critical analytical reading of Morocco's environmental legal framework, from Framework-Law 99-12 to the sectoral legislation on water, waste, and air, and the mechanisms of environmental assessment and enforcement. The study reveals a striking paradox: a formally rich legal arsenal undermined by institutional and human constraints limiting its real-world effectiveness, calling for stricter environmental governance and genuinely enforced, not merely theoretical, environmental accountability.