Abstract

This study examines the conflict in the Ahwaz (Arabistan) region of Iran as a conflict with political, national, economic, and cultural dimensions. It focuses on the development of relations between the Arab Ahwazi population and the Iranian state since 1925, as well as the political, social, economic, and cultural transformations that have accompanied this relationship. The study aims to analyze the manifestations of Iranian control over the region, examine the impact of the policies adopted on the Arab identity of the population, and identify the main forms of Ahwazi resistance and their development over different historical periods. The study adopts a descriptive-analytical approach by examining the historical, political, social, and economic developments associated with the Ahwazi issue and analyzing Iranian policies toward the region. It also employs the Negotiated Settlement Theory as an analytical framework for examining possible approaches to addressing the conflict, with emphasis on dialogue, recognition of cultural, political, and social rights, and the development of arrangements that balance the rights of the local population with the requirements of sovereignty and political stability. The study concludes that the Ahwazi conflict cannot be attributed to a single factor, but rather results from the interaction of several factors, most notably national identity, political control, economic resources, geographical location, and cultural and demographic policies. The study also finds that Iranian policies toward the region have included various measures, such as changing the names of cities and localities, restricting the use of the Arabic language in education and public life, controlling land and natural resources, and implementing security and political measures that have affected local political participation. At the same time, various forms of Ahwazi resistance have emerged, ranging from armed uprisings and political activities to organizations, associations, and popular protests. The study concludes that the continuation of the conflict is closely linked to the absence of a comprehensive political settlement that addresses the rights and cultural identity of the local population while providing effective channels for political participation and economic development. Accordingly, adopting a negotiated approach based on dialogue, recognition of rights, and political, social, and economic guarantees, with the possible involvement of regional and international mediation, could contribute to reducing tensions and creating conditions for a more sustainable settlement of the conflict.

Keywords

Ahwaz; Arabistan; Iran; National Conflict; Arab Identity; Persianization; Resistance; Negotiated Settlement; International Conflicts.