Abstract

This study concludes that corporate merger has evolved into a strategic legal mechanism for rescuing financially distressed companies by enabling institutional restructuring and preserving business continuity as an alternative to liquidation. Rather than serving merely as a means of combining companies or transferring assets, merger operates as a comprehensive legal framework that facilitates the reallocation of assets and liabilities while safeguarding the economic value of the enterprise and protecting the interests of stakeholders. The study further demonstrates that the effectiveness of merger depends on compliance with legal procedures that ensure the protection of shareholders, creditors, and contractual partners, while maintaining an appropriate balance between commercial flexibility and legal certainty. It also highlights the contribution of the French legal system in strengthening the legal framework governing mergers through the principles of universal succession and the continuity of contractual obligations. Finally, the study establishes that the legal effects of merger extend beyond organizational restructuring to encompass the legal personality, rights, obligations, and contractual relationships of the company, thereby confirming its role as an effective instrument for corporate recovery, institutional sustainability, and long-term economic stability within a modern legislative framework.

Keywords

Merger; Patrimony; Legal Personality; Legal Certainty; Transfer of Rights and Obligations.